Santiago M. PEREZ-VINCENT
Working Papers
"A Few Signatures Matter: Barriers to Entry in Italian Local Politics", 2021.
Competition for public office is an essential feature of democracy but having many candidates competing for the same position might lead to voter confusion and be counterproductive. In current democracies, ballot access regulations limit citizens' right to become candidates, seeking to balance this trade-off by discouraging frivolous contenders. This paper examines the causal effect of signature requirements -- a widespread ballot access regulation -- and finds that their impact goes beyond this goal. I use data on Italian local elections and apply a regression discontinuity (RD) design to estimate the effects of these requirements on electoral competition, candidates' selection, voter participation and administrative efficiency. I find that signature requirements reduce the number of candidates running for office, decrease electoral competition, lead to a more experienced pool of candidates, and reduce voter turnout. The positive effects of this policy are observed in municipalities with fragmented political systems, where signature requirements lead to fewer wasted votes and fewer spoiler candidates. The downside is observed in municipalities with concentrated political systems: signature requirements increase the frequency of uncontested races and reduce voter participation. Findings reveal how this barrier to entry impacts key dimensions of democracy and indicate that designing efficient electoral institutions requires a clear understanding of local political contexts.
"Using Centralized Assignment to Evaluate Entrepreneurship and Life-Skills Training Programs in Argentina" (with Diego Ubfal), 2018.
We implemented a centralized assignment mechanism (random serial dictatorship) to fill seats for a set of training courses offered by the government of Buenos Aires in schools across the city. The mechanism generates a seat assignment that is random conditional on people's preferences over schools. We exploit the fact that we know these preferences and the assignment rule to analytically compute individuals' propensity scores (i.e., their probability of obtaining a seat). We then use propensity score stratification to evaluate the short-term impact of two of the courses (an entrepreneurship course and a life-skills course). This strategy leads to important sample size gains relative to full preference stratification, allowing us to fully exploit the random variation in treatment assignment. Using survey-based information collected three months after the courses, we find positive effects on course-related knowledge for both programs. Entrepreneurship training helps participants start a business from an initial idea, leading to increased business ownership and self-employment. Life-skills training leads to higher job-search rates. There are no significant effects on soft skills.
Non Peer-Reviewed Publications
"COVID-19 Lockdowns and Domestic Violence: Evidence from a Domestic Violence Hotline in Argentina" (with Enrique Carreras), 2020. Published as Chapter 1 of IDB Technical Note IDB-TN-1956 (link)
"The Evolution of Citizen Security in Colombia in Times of COVID-19" (with Nathalie Alvarado, Ervyn Norza, Santiago Tobón and Martín Vanegas-Arias), 2020. Published as IBD Technical Note IDB-TN-2034 (link)
Work in Progress
"Domestic Violence Reporting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Latin America" (with Enrique Carreras).
We examine how the frequency and characteristics of domestic violence reports changed after the start of the pandemic and the imposition of mobility restrictions in six Latin American countries. Using data through June 2020, we find that the pandemic’s impact on domestic violence reports varied significantly across countries, periods, types of violence, and reporting channels.
"Helping Families Help Themselves? Gender-differential Effects of an SMS Parenting Program" (with Sofía Amaral, Lelys Dinarte and Patricio Dominguez).
While digital technology is widely used to address important health and social problems, there is limited knowledge about its effects in the context of parenting. Using an individual-level randomized controlled trial with 3,103 male and female caregivers of young children in El Salvador, we evaluate the impact of a free short-term digital intervention that aims to promote positive parenting and parental stress management.
"Do Women Compete like Men? Evidence from the Track" (with Samuel Berlinski).
We use information on middle-distance races to obtain insights on how men and women compete in gender-segregated, high-stakes settings. We document important differences in competitive behavior across genders and examine the empirical validity of different theories by estimating a model of behavior in tournaments with interim-feedback.
"Paying Politicians: A Semi-Structural Approach".
I examine how the wage paid to politicians affects citizens' decision to participate in politics and their performance in office. I estimate a political agency model to retrieve unobservable characteristics of the political environment, such as the quality of politicians and the proportion of office-motivated and intrinsic-motivated candidates. I fit the model using data on administrative efficiency in two samples of Italian municipalities on each side of an arbitrary population threshold established by law to determine a jump in mayors’ remuneration. Results show that higher wages improve candidates’ managerial ability but reduce their public service motivation. Relative to the existing empirical literature on the topic, the semi-structural approach in this paper serves to better quantify and disentangle the different mechanisms at play, providing a stronger link to the theoretical literature.
"Seeds and Roots of Prejudice: Lessons from Contemporary Africa" (with Alexsandros Cavgias).
We provide original descriptive evidence on the correlates of prejudice towards homosexuals in the African continent. We document a negative and significant relationship between material conditions and sexual prejudice. We also find a non-monotonic relationship between education and prejudice: relative to the population with no formal education, people with completed primary education display higher rates of prejudice. On the contrary, post-secondary education is associated to lower levels of prejudice. We finally test the hypothesis that exposure to Christian missions increased individual-level prejudice toward homosexuals in contemporary Africa. We find evidence against this hypothesis: exposure to missionary activity at the village level has no significant relationship with individual level prejudice toward homosexuals.